Understanding Quality Payment Program
The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) ended the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) formula, which would have resulted in a significant cut to payment rates for clinicians participating in Medicare. In response to MACRA, CMS created a federally mandated Medicare program, the Quality Payment Program (QPP) that seeks to improve patient care and outcomes while managing the costs of services patients receive. Clinicians providing high value/high quality patient care are rewarded through Medicare payment increases, while clinicians not meeting performance standards will see a reduction in Medicare payments.
Clinicians may participate in the Quality Payment Program through one of two tracks as follows:
Benefits of Quality Payment Program
The Quality Payment Program combines and replaces three separate Medicare related programs with a single system where Medicare clinicians have the opportunity to be paid more for doing what they do best – making their patients safer and healthier. The vast majority of measures in the program are Clinician-initiated, ensuring that they are rewarding what matters most to clinicians and their patients.
MIPS Merit Based Incentive Payment System divided in to 4 categories for 2020
QUALITY
PROMOTING INTEROPERABILITY
IMPROVEMENT ACTIVITIES
COST
Replaces PQRS
Previously known as ACI (Advancing care Information) replaces the Medicare EHR Incentive Program also known as Meaningful use
New Category
Replaces the Value-Based Modifier
45%
of Total MIPS Composite Score
25%
of Total MIPS Composite Score
15%
of Total MIPS Composite Score
15%
of Total MIPS Composite Score
MIPS Merit Based Incentive Payment System divided in to 4 categories for 2020
QUALITY
Replaces PQRS
45%
of Total MIPS Composite Score
PROMOTING INTEROPERABILITY
Previously known as ACI (Advancing care Information) replaces the Medicare EHR Incentive Program also known as Meaningful use
15%
of Total MIPS Composite Score
IMPROVEMENT ACTIVITIES
New Category
25%
of Total MIPS Composite Score
COST
Replaces the Value-Based Modifier
15%
of Total MIPS Composite Score
Eligibility Criteria to Participate in MIPS 2020
Eligibility: Eligible clinicians are a part of the MIPS track of the Quality Payment Program, if they meet all three criteria of Low Volume Threshold as mentioned below:
- Have $90,000 or more in Medicare Part B allowed charges for covered professional services; AND
- Provide care to 200 or more Medicare Part B beneficiaries; AND
- Provide 200 or more covered professional services under the Physician Fee Schedule (PFS).
PhysicianPhysician AssistantNurse PractitionerClinical Nurse SpecialistCertified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
Physical therapistsOccupational therapistsClinical psychologistsQualified speech-language pathologists
Qualified audiologistsRegistered dietitians or nutrition professionalsOsteopathic practitioners
Chiropractors
Eligibility for Opt-In: Starting in year 3 (2019), eligible clinicians or groups can opt-in to MIPS, if they meet or exceed at least one, but not all three, of the low-volume threshold criteria.
Eligible clinician can participate in MIPS as an Individual, Group or Virtual Group*
*Definition: Virtual groups are a combination of two or more Taxpayer Identification Numbers (TINs) composed of a solo practitioner (individual MIPS eligible clinician who bills under a TIN with no other NPIs billing under such TIN), or a group with 10 or fewer eligible clinicians under the TIN that elects to form a virtual group with at least one other such solo practitioner or group for a performance period for a year.
Eligible clinician does not participate in MIPS for 2020, if they are:
- In the first year of enrollment as a Medicare provider
- Below the low-volume threshold: care for 200 or fewer Medicare beneficiaries or have $90,000 or less in Medicare part B allowed charges in a year or Provide 200 or less covered professional services to Part B-enrolled individuals
- Participating in Advanced APMs.
Beginning of Performance Period
Eligible clinicians can choose to participate in MIPS from January 1, 2020
- For Quality and Cost categories full year (12 month) performance period is considered. However, no submission is required for Cost category.
JAN 1 2020 Starting period
- For PI and IA categories Eligible clinicians can choose anytime starting from Jan 1- and Oct 2 2020.
Understanding Payment Adjustments for MIPS 2020
If an eligible clinician decides to participate in MIPS or Opt-in MIPS, they earn a performance-based payment adjustment – up, down, or not at all – based on the data submitted. The first payment adjustments based on performance in 2020 go into effect on January 1, 2022.
Payment Adjustment: Payment adjustment for the 2020 performance year ranges from – 9% to + 9% as required by law. The scaling factor is determined in a way so that budget neutrality is achieved. Additional performance threshold range doesn’t change. The payment adjustment is applied to the amount Medicare paid for Part B claims.
New MIPS Terms
Collection Type: It is a set of quality measures with comparable specifications and data completeness criteria including, as applicable: eCQM, MIPS CQM, etc.
Submitter Type: The MIPS eligible clinician, group or third-party intermediary acting on behalf of a MIPS eligible clinician or group, as applicable, that submits data on measures and activities.
Submission Type: It is the way the submitter type submits data to CMS, including, as applicable: direct, log in and upload, log in and attest, Medicare Part B claims, and the CMS Web Interface.
Submission Mechanism for 2020
Submission type is the mechanism by which a submitter type submits data to CMS, including, as applicable:
- Direct
- Log-in and upload
- Log-in and attest
- Medicare Part B claims and
- CMS Web Interface
The direct submission type allows users to transmit data through a computer-to-computer interaction, such as an API.
The log in and upload submission type allows users to upload and submit data in the form and manner specified by CMS with a set of authenticated credentials.
The log in and attest submission type allows users to manually attest that certain measures and activities were performed in the form and manner specified by CMS with a set of authenticated credentials.
However in the Final rule for 2020, Eligible Clinicians or Groups are allowed to do multiple submissions for Quality category.
Starting from year 3, individual eligible clinicians can submit Quality Measures via multiple collection types (MIPS CQM, eCQM, QCDR measures, and for small practices, Medicare Part B claims measures).
If the same measure is submitted via multiple collection types, the one with the greatest number of measure achievement points will be selected for scoring.
Reweighting of Performance Categories
CMS has finalized redistributing the performance category weights for the 2020, MIPS performance year.
| Reweighting Scenario | Quality | Cost | Improvement Activities | Promoting Interoperability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Reweighting Needed | ||||
| – Scores for all four performance categories | 45% | 15% | 15% | 25% |
| Reweight One Performance Category | ||||
| – No Cost | 55% | 0% | 15% | 30% |
| – No Promoting Interoperability | 70% | 15% | 15% | 0% |
| – No Quality | 0% | 15% | 15% | 70% |
| – No Improvement Activities | 60% | 15% | 0% | 25% |
| Reweight Two Performance Categories | ||||
| – No Cost and no Promoting Interoperability | 85% | 0% | 15% | 0% |
| – No Cost and no quality | 0% | 0% | 15% | 85% |
| – No Cost and no Improvement Activities | 70% | 0% | 0% | 30% |
| – No Promoting Interoperability and no Quality | 0% | 50% | 50% | 0% |
| – No Promoting Interoperability and no Improvement Activity | 85% | 15% | 0% | 0% |
| – No Quality and no Improvement Activity | 0% | 15% | 0% | 85% |